Mars

Mars (Sol IV)  was the fourth planet in the  Sol system  and the capital planet of the  Confederated Martian Colonies, a  Federation   Member State.

Overview
Technological breakthroughs made after first contact with the Vulcans made terraforming Mars much more feasible and warming the planet was accomplished in a fraction of the time 21st century scientists had predicted. Water and oxygen were liberated from the subterranean permafrost and genetically engineered bacteria were introduced into the terrain. This began the terraforming process. There were colonists on Mars as early as 2103, but they needed atmospheric suits in order to breathe outside a biosphere. Not quite one hundred years after that, Mars possessed a breathable atmosphere. The earliest colonists utilized local Martian resources to build habitable structures, including basaltic regolith. Refined and mixed with water, it forms a crude concrete. This process was far more efficient than trying to bring building materials from Earth.

In spite of undergoing the process of terraforming as early as the  22nd century, by the  24th century   water  covered only 10% of the surface of Mars. Most of it was concentrated in small fresh water lakes which were the result of impact craters. As of  2350  the atmosphere of Mars was fully breathable by  Human s, although ultra violet radiation from the sun still required some measure of protection before stepping out onto the surface.